Which of the following is NOT a cause of pavement failure?

Excellent maintenance is indeed not a cause of pavement failure. In fact, proper maintenance plays a crucial role in prolonging the life and structural integrity of pavement. Regular maintenance measures, such as sealing cracks, resurfacing, and addressing drainage issues, help prevent further deterioration and mitigate the effects of various stressors that may lead to pavement failure.

On the other hand, oxidation, studded tires, and chemicals can all contribute negatively to pavement conditions. Oxidation can lead to the breakdown of asphalt and contribute to surface cracking. Studded tires can cause damage to the pavement surface, especially in colder climates where their use is more prevalent. Chemicals, such as de-icing agents, can also lead to deterioration of asphalt and concrete by promoting freeze-thaw cycles and chemical reactions that weaken the materials. Thus, while some factors can lead to pavement failure, excellent maintenance serves as a preventive strategy to maintain pavement health.