According to McGregor's X Theory, what is a primary assumption about employees?

In McGregor's X Theory, a primary assumption about employees is that they need supervision and may avoid work. This theory is based on the belief that workers are generally disinclined to take initiative or responsibility when it comes to their roles and responsibilities. Therefore, they require direction and oversight from management to ensure they perform their tasks. The idea behind this perspective is rooted in a somewhat pessimistic view of human nature, suggesting that people will do the bare minimum to get by unless they are closely supervised and incentivized to work.

McGregor's Theory X contrasts with Theory Y, which posits that employees are inherently self-motivated, capable of managing their own responsibilities and preferring collaboration in a work environment. Recognizing these contrasting views helps managers to understand the different ways in which they can approach employee motivation and workplace dynamics. In regards to the question, the second choice clearly aligns with the fundamental principles of McGregor's X Theory.